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wishes.
Akk. = Akkadian
Ar. = Arabic
Eg. = Egyptian
Etr. = Etruscan
Gk. = Greek
Heb. = Hebrew
Hi. = Hittite
Lat. = Latin
Slav. = Slavonic
Sum. = Sumerian
above Heb. al.
Acheron Ar. Achernar, river's end (star in
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Eridanus).
Adapa Sum., name of the first man. After his
creation, the exalted tiara and throne
of kingship were lowered from heaven
to Eridu
aegis Gk., goatskin. Heb. ez, goat; ezer,
helper.
Agave Name of the mother of Pentheus in
The Bacchae. Heb. agabh, to desire,
lust after.
alphabet Pliny says that it was brought to
Latium by the Pelasgi, that Cadmus
imported an alphabet of fifteen letters
from Phoenicia, and that Palamedes
(time of the Trojan war) added zeta,
phi, psi and chi (Nat. Hist. VII).
Corinth and its colonies retained
koppa, origin of the Latin 'Q'.
also Heb. gam. Cf. Gk. hama, together
with.
altar Eg. chaut; Heb. harel (har =
mountain); Gk. bomos, thumele,
eschara; Lat. ara; Etr. ar, fire; cf. the
Syrian city of Arpad; voice of the
altar? (Gk. phatis is a divine
utterance).
Amar Sin Sum., bull-calf of Sin
amber Gk. elektron; Heb. chashmal, in Bible
= radiant, in modern Heb. =
electricity, as a substance = amber.
Eg. sakal, Lat. sucinum.
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An Sum., heaven, sky-god. Cf. Gk. ana,
up.
Anaqim Heb., descendants of the giant Anaq.
Gk. Anakes, the Dioscuri; anax
andron, lord of men (of Agamemnon).
angry To become angry, Etr. ithe. Cf. Gk.
ithuno, straighten, direct; of Zeus, to
rule.
anoint Etr. luas; Gk. Iouo, wash.
Anu Akk.= An; Eg. Nu.
animals Etr. bacchetidis; Albanian bageti.
apex Eg. ap = top.
approach Heb. qarabh.
arena Etr. truia; cf. Troy. Gk. agon = arena
or struggle.
Ariadne Her name may not be Ariadne, very
holy, but ar yad na, hand of fire. The
ending -na is frequent inEtruscan. Ar,
Etr., is electrical fire; yad, Heb., is
ahand. She was a goddess as well as a
mortal princess, and may be the lady
portrayed holding a snake in each
hand. She resembles Britomartis,
Artemis, and to some extent Athene.
There was a Cretan festival, the
Hellotia, in honour of Ariadne.
Athene Hellotis was worshipped at
Corinth. German 'hell' = bright. It is
noteworthy that snakes in the hands of
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statuettes are sometimes suggestive of
a bow, and vice versa.
ark Heb. aron. Cf. ar, fire, and ka. Lat.
arca = chest.
art Lat. ars, skill. Cf. Gk. ararisko, join,
fit, artuno, prepare, aresko, please.
Adjustment of fittings for the best
electrical display.
Ashur Akk, great fire. Ur, great; ash, esh,
fire.
atef Eg., headgear of plume, disk and
horns.
Atrahasis Sum., very wise, a name of
Utnapishtim, alias
Ziusudra. Cf. Psalm XXIX:9: 'The
Lord sitteth above the water-flood'.
Cf. Heb. atarah, crown.
axe Lydion labrys; Lat. dolabra; Akk.
hazi (Lat. hasta =spear); Gk. pelekus
(cf. Peleg, Genesis X:25); Lat.
bipennis, securis; Heb. seghor, axe,
spear, refined gold; Heb. kashil, axe
or hoe, and maghzerah, axe. Cf. Etr.
macstrna, macstrevc; Lat. magister,
magistratus. Kybelis is a double axe,
according to Hesychius.
banquet Etr. vacl, epl; Lat. epulum, Heb.
mishte; cf. Gk. mistullo, cut up meat;
Slav. myaso, meat.
Baradost In Iraq, name of mountain range with
caves; cf. Heb. baradh, hail, fall of
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hot stones.
battle Heb. milchamah; Gk. mache; cf. Heb.
machah, destroy.
beard Gk. pogon; Lat. Barba; Eg. chabes.
Eg. bes = flame.
bees Gk. melissa; Lat. Apis. There was a
cave of bees in Crete, where Rhea
gave birth to Zeus. Every year a fiery
glow is seen coming from the cave,
caused by the blood from the birth of
Zeus. Four men put on bronze armour,
took some honey, and viewed the
swaddling clothes of Zeus. At once
their armour cracked and fell off. Zeus
aimed his thunderbolt, but was
restrained by Fate and Themis. The
four men were transformed into birds.
Ovid, Fasti III, says that honey was
invented by Bacchus.
bird Heb. oph. See 'hoopoe'. Gk. omis,
oionos; Lat. avis, volucris.
blood Heb. dam; Gk. haima; Etr. zac, thac;
Lat. sanguis. Cf. Sum. sanga, priest.
boat Eg. hennu, a sacred boat.
Boreas The North Wind. He is the Kassite
god Buriash. Fire of Bor? (esh, ash =
fire) Cf. sobor (Slav.), spur (Etr.),
subura, and vide Appendix B, urbs.
Cf. also spanza, libation, down from
the five.
breastplate choshen (of the Heb. high priest).
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breath life Heb. neshamah.
Britomartis Wine-wife, wine-maiden. Hungarian
ver = blood, bor= wine. Albanian
vere = wine; Breseus is a name of
Dionysus. Gk. damart- = wife. Cf.
Ariadne, who married Dionysus.
bronze Gk. chalkos (cf. alke, strength); Heb.
nachush.
burn Gk. kaio; cf Eg. ka; Lat. incendo, uro,
ardeo.
bull Eg. ka; Gk. tauros (tarache =
confusion), bous; Lat. taurus.
carve Etr. cana; Albanian qane; Lat. cena;
the old form, caesna, is from caeao,
cut. Slav. tsena = price, prize.
cauldron Gk. lebes, lebet-, El's dwelling.
cave Lydian pel; Etr. spel; Gk. spelaion;
Lat. spelaeum, spelunca, caverna.
Hesiod uses glaphu. Gr. antron.
chariot Eg. urit; Gk. harma, satine; Lat.
currus, essedum.
cherub Heb. cherebh; cf. Gk. cheir, hand.
city Heb. ir; Etr. spur; Sanskrit pur; Lat.
subura, urbs; Slav. sobor, assembly;
Gk. astu, polis, city; Eg. Waset
=Thebes. City boundaries, Etr. tular
spural.
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comet Gk. kometes, hairy; Lat. stella crinita,
comata.
copper Copper or bronze, Heb. nachush.
Nachash = to give oracles.
crown Gk. stephanos; Heb. nezer,
tsephirah, atarah; cf. Gk. sphaira;
Eg. teshe; Lat. sertum is a garland.
Eg. mech, tiara; cf. Gk. mechane,
device.
cursa Name of a star in Eridanus; in
Arabic, throne.
cut Heb. habhar, to cut, to divide
heavens in astrology.
Damascus Dim ash ka. Slav. dim, smoke; ash,
fire; ka (from Egyptian).
dance Heb. chaghagh dance, process, reel.
Chaghav = ravine.
daughter Eg. sat.
dawn Heb. or = light; cf. Lat. aurora.
destiny Etr. rad; Lat. ratio.
destruction Heb. kalah; cf. Sanskrit Kali.
destroy Heb. machah; Gk. mache, battle,
machaira, cutlass.
dithyramb Heb. shiggayon; Gk. sikinnis (a
Cretan dance).
discern Heb. kerithuth; Gk. krino. Krites =
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judge.
door Eg. seb, thaireaa; Gk. hepta, seven;
thura, door.
dome Dome of the Rock Heb. kipat
hasela; sela, rock. Gk. selas = light.
double Eg. ka; Gk. eidolon, image.
dragon Heb. nachash (constellation).
nachash with short 'a' = omen.
dwelling Heb. gar; cf. Gk. chara, charis,
grace, and kara, head. Cf. Heb.
shekhinah, divine radiance or
presence.
dur Dur Sharrukin, Sargon's fortress. Cf.
Lat. turris, tower.
earth Eg. ta; Gk. da, ga, get Poteidan =
Poseidon.
east Ar. al shark Lat. cras = tomorrow.
A final 's' in Latin was less sharp
than an initial 's', more like samekh
than tsadhe. For the link between
dawn and tomorrow, Gk. aurion,
tomorrow, and Aurora, goddess of
the dawn. For the reversed direction
of the writing of 'shark', cf. raqs
(Ar., dance), and sqr (Lat. etc.,
sacred); balta (Ar.), axe, Lat.
dolabra.
element Gk. stoicheion, arche.
enchant Heb. kashaph. Lat. sapere = to be
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wise, understand.
engrave Heb. chaqaq = engrave, sceptre. Eg.
chaker = design.
Enki Sum., lord earth; cf. Gk. ge.
Entemena Sum., lord of the temple platform.
Gk. temenos = area cut off, shrine.
epilepsy The hand of Sin; the Heraklean
disease, the holy disease.
Etemenanki The tower of Babel, temple
foundation of heaven and earth.
evil Eg. ker; Gk. ker = evil spirit.
fable Etr. fabulonia = henbane; Albanian
babullij = roar, rave. 'Fabulaeque
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